https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community

下载安装包，服务器带宽较小的建议手动下载上传至服务器

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

#解压到安装路径
mkdir /opt/mysql && tar -xvf mysql-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /opt/mysql

#安装rpm包要用到的插件
yum install -y openssl-devel libaio

#切换到安装路径
cd /opt/mysql

#依次安装rpm包 common–>client-plugins–>libs–>libs-compat–>devel–>client—>icu-data-files–>server
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装过程中如出现以下error

[root@lavm-kixcj1bq2r mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64

在命令后新增 --nodeps --force

#rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

#安装完成后会产生mysqld服务

#查看mysql版本
mysql --version

#启动并开机启动mysql
systemctl enable --now mysqld

#查看初始密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2024-01-11T15:21:00.500385Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 90aulIpxxx

#登录mysql， root用户默认只能本地访问
mysql -u root -p
Enter password: xxx
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

#修改密码
#默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。修改密码时新密码是否符合当前的策略，不满足则会提示ERROR
#此版本必须修改完默认密码之后才能执行其它命令
ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘Xxxx@2024’;

#可以通过下面操作，修改密码要求，再修改密码
#mysql> SET GLOBAL validate_password_policy=LOW; #将密码复杂度校验调整简单类型
#mysql> SET GLOBAL validate_password_length=4; #设置密码最少位数限制为 4 位

#设置root用户可以远程访问
use mysql;
update user set host=‘%’ where user=‘root’;
flush privileges;